Which database control helps maintain transaction integrity in an online transaction processing system?

Maintaining transaction integrity in an online transaction processing system is crucial for ensuring that all operations within a transaction are completed successfully and that the system remains in a consistent state. Commitment and rollback controls are essential mechanisms that achieve this.

Commitment controls ensure that once a transaction is completed successfully, the changes are permanently applied to the database. This process is often referred to as committing a transaction, which protects against partial updates. If the transaction cannot be completed due to an error or failure, rollback controls come into play. They revert the database to its previous state, undoing any changes made during the transaction. This safeguard is critical in preventing data inconsistencies, ensuring that transactions are treated as indivisible units.

In contrast, authentication controls primarily focus on verifying user identities, while data normalization controls involve organizing data within the database to reduce redundancy and improve integrity. Read/write access log controls monitor who accessed the database and what changes were made, but they do not directly influence the integrity of transactions in the same way that commitment and rollback controls do. Thus, commitment and rollback controls are fundamental for upholding transaction integrity in online transaction processing systems.